The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1963

KARL ZIEGLER

High Polymer Labs, the flagship company of the HPL group, is a leading manufacturer of polymer additives, speciality chemicals and industrial chemicals. High Polymer has established a formidable reputation in both the domestic and international markets as a producer of world-class chemicals. Its range of products includes property extenders, polymer additives, modifiers, polymerisation catalysts, speciality chemicals for water treatment, pharmaceutical intermediates and industrial chemicals.

Established in 1964, the company has emerged as the single largest player with over 75% share of the Indian market for most of its products. Its products have also been widely accepted in the West. The company has diversified into biocides, polymerisation catalysts, photographic chemicals, pharmaceutical and agro chemicals intermediates.

POLYMER ADDITIVES

Antioxidants are used to retard the reaction of organic material with atmospheric oxygen, which can cause degradation. These chemicals are responsible for retarding oxidation during manufacturing, processing, storage, as well as the end product. The range of Kinox-Phenolics & Phosphites belong to primary and secondary antioxidants. These Phenolic antioxidants are responsible for imparting long-term thermal and processing stability to the end application.

UV light stabilisers prevent photo degradation processes in polymers, such as colour changes, chalking, cracking and loss of mechanical properties such as tensile strength, impact strength, etc. The range of Hilite-HALS (Hindered Amine Light Stabilisers), Benzophenones and Benzotriazoles belong to this class of UV light stabilisers. While Hindered Amine light Stabilisers work best for the thin section applications, UV absorbers work best for the thick section applications.

Chain extenders are cross-linking agents for biodegradable polymeric films used in drug delivery systems. This is also used as a stabiliser for synthetic fibres. The range of Hichem-ADH belongs to this category.

Optical brighteners are used widely to improve the colour of various plastics. They are often used in combination with other dyes or with pigments to bring about specific shades. These alter the visual properties of polymers and are also known as fluorescent whitening agents. These mask inherent yellowness in discoloured polymers and impart unique, robust colour to speciality plastic products. MODIFIERS

Chemical blowing agents are used for production of unicellular products. Tailor-made products are provided for customer-specific needs and operating conditions when required decomposition mechanism in the end application. Particle size is crucial for these products.

The Mikrofine range for CBA’s have a whole range of products for different applications. The range is designed to provide lowest possible relative density, reduced surface yellowing and smooth surface. Modifiers include Azobisnitriles, Azodicarbonamide, Dinitrosopentamethylenetetramine, Sulfonyl Hydrazides and Sulfonyl Semicarbazides.

POLYMERISATION CATALYSTS

Polyazo initiators are known sources of free radicals and are used in the polymerisation of common monomers like vinyl chloride, styrene, vinyl acetate, ethylene and methyl methacrylate. These Polyazo initiators can be classified into two groups – organic solvent soluble Azo initiators and water soluble Azo initiators. The Polyazo initiators include products such as Polyazo AZDN, Polyazo AZDV, Polyazo AZMB and Polyazo AZCC. The function of these products relies upon decomposition to generate free radicals in a wide range of solvents at almost first order rates. SPECIALITY CHEMICALS

Biocides are used for industrial water treatment and effluent management system, for cooling towers, evaporative condensers, pulp and paper mill effluents and oil recovery systems. Biocides are also used for disinfecting swimming pool and special applications. INDUSTRIAL CHEMICALS

The company manufactures Hydrazine Hydrate, which is used in pharmaceuticals and agricultural chemicals intermediates and also in the production of chemical blowing agents. Hydrazine Hydrate is also being used in the manufacture of polymerization catalysts, food additives, soldering fluxes, surfactants, detergents and plasticizer

Karl Ziegler was born in Helsa near Kassel in Germany, on November 26, 1898. He graduated in 1920 under Prof. von Auwers at the University of Marburg/Lahn, and qualified as a lecturer in 1923. After working for a short period at the University of Frankfurt/Main, he spent 10 years as a lecturer at Heidelberg.

His research work in the field of radicals with trivalent carbon and his syntheses of multi-membered ring systems earned him the Liebig Medal in 1935. In 1936 he became Professor and Director of the Chemisches Institut at the University of Halle/Saale. In the same year he lectured as a visiting professor at Chicago University.

From 1943 until 1969 he was Director of the Max-Planck-Institut fur Kohlenforschung (formerly known as the Kaiser-Wilhelm-Institut fur Kohlenforschung) in M?lheim/Ruhr. He continues his active association with the Institute in his capacity of Scientific Member. After the war he was instrumental in the foundation of the Gesellschaft Deutscher Chemiker, whose president he was for five years. From 1954 until 1957 he was president of the Deutsche Gesellschaft f?r Mineral?lwissenschaft und Kohlechemie.

His research work at the above-mentioned institute over the past 20 years on syntheses and reactions in the chemistry of organ aluminium compounds, his discovery of organometallic mixed catalysts for the polymerization of olefins (e.g. the synthesis of high-density polyethylene) - all these are widely known.

Many honours have been bestowed upon him. He holds honorary doctorates at the Technische Hochschulen of Hannover and Darmstadt, and of the Universities of Heidelberg and Giessen. He has received the Liebig Medal from the Verein Deutscher Chemiker, the Carl Duisberg Plakette from the Gesellschaft Deutscher Chemiker, the Carl Engler Medal from the Deutsche Gesellschaft f?r Mineral?lwissenschaft und Kohlechemie, and the Lavoisier Medal from the Soci?t? Chimique de France. The Werner von Siemens Foundation awarded him the Siemens Ring. His Nobel Prize was followed by the award of a distinguished order by the German Federal Government, the Swinburne Medal by the Plastics Institute, London, the International Synthetic Rubber Medal by Rubber and Plastics Age, London, and, in 1971, the Carl Dietrich Harries Plakette by the Deutsche Kautschuk Gesellschaft, as well as the Wilhelm Exner Medal by the ?sterreichischer Gewerbeverein, Vienna. He is an honorary senator of the Max-Planck Gesellschaft, founder president (1970-1972 ) of the Rheinisch-Westfalische Akademie der Wissenschaften, as well as member or honorary member of various German and foreign scientific societies and academies. In 1971, The Royal Society, London, elected him as a Foreign Member.

On the death of Otto Hahn, Karl Ziegler was appointed the latter's successor to the Order "Pour le m?rite f?r Wissenschaften und K?nste".

Karl Ziegler has been married to Maria Kurtz, since 1922. His daughter, Marianne Witte, is a doctor of medicine and is married to the chief physician of a children's hospital in the Ruhr. His son, Dr. Erhart Ziegler, is a physicist and patent attorney. Karl Ziegler has five grandchildren by his daughter and five by his son

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